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Enquiry Concerning Political Justice and Its Influence on Modern Morals and Happiness, by William Godwin
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One of the great polemics and the key founding anarchist text, Godwin's Enquiry is his major work of political philosophy. Enquiry Concerning Political Justice established William Godwin as the chief exponent of British radicalism, in the tradition of the French Revolution. In it, he criticizes the 'brute engine' of government for systematizing oppression of individual liberty in the name of law and order, and calls for the abolition of all forms of rule and for the institution of an anarchist society based on the principles of simplicity, sincerity and equality. His book influenced everyone from Shelley and Coleridge (who revered him) to Thomas Malthus (who wrote his Essay on the Principle of Population in outraged response to him). The book's ideas would later echo through the writings of thinkers as diverse as Proudhon, Kropotkin, Marx and Thoreau, and it remains one of the great polemics of political literature. William Godwin, the famous philosopher and novelist, was born in East Anglia in 1756. The son of a Presbyterian minister, he was educated to follow in his father's footsteps, but subsequently lost his faith in God. He then devoted himself to writing, expounding his enlightenment and anarchist ideals in novels and essays. In 1797 he married Mary Wollstonecraft, the famous feminist; their daughter would grow up to be Mary Shelley, the author of Frankenstein. Godwin died in 1836. Isaac Kramnick is the Richard J. Schwartz Professor of Government at Cornell where he has taught since 1972. He has written or edited some twenty books among which his Bolingbroke and His Circle: The Politics of Nostalgia in the Age of Walpole won the Conference of British Studies Prize for best book on British politics.
- Sales Rank: #2086789 in Books
- Published on: 1976-12-09
- Released on: 1976-12-09
- Ingredients: Example Ingredients
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 5.00" h x 1.00" w x 7.00" l,
- Binding: Paperback
- 832 pages
About the Author
William Godwin, the famous philosopher and novelist, was born in East Anglia in 1756. The son of a Presbyterian minister, he was educated to follow in his father's footsteps, but subsequently lost his faith in God. He then devoted himself to writing, expounding his enlightenment and anarchist ideals in novels and essays. In 1797 he married Mary Wollstonecraft, the famous feminist; their daughter would grow up to be Mary Shelley, the author of Frankenstein. Godwin died in 1836. Isaac Kramnick is the Richard J. Schwartz Professor of Government at Cornell where he has taught since 1972.
Most helpful customer reviews
7 of 7 people found the following review helpful.
A TRUE "CLASSIC" OF POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY, AND OF ANARCHISM
By Steven H Propp
William Godwin (1756-1836) was an English journalist, political philosopher and novelist (as well as the husband of Mary Wollstonecraft, author of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (Penguin Classics)). He is considered one of the first exponents of utilitarianism, and (with the publication of this book in 1793) became the first modern proponent of anarchism. (See also The Anarchist Writings Of William Godwin.)
He begins by stating that "The vices and moral weakness of man are not invincible: Man is perfectible, or in other words suceptible of perpetual improvement." (Pg. 140) Noting that "justice is reciprocal," Godwin asserts that if his neighbor is in need of ten pounds which he can spare, "unless it can be shown that the money can be more beneficiently employed," the neighbor has a "right" to that money. (Pg. 175) This is because "We have in reality nothing that is strictly speaking our own." (Pg. 194)
He rejects the obligatory Locke/Rousseau Social Contract, asking, "upon what principle is that obligation founded? Surely not upon the contract into which my father entered before I was born?" (Pg. 213) If government is founded on the consent of the people, "it can have no power over any individual by whom that consent is refused." (Pg. 216) He asserts that government in reality "is a question of force, and not of consent." (Pg. 239) A monarchical government renders the people subject to the "caprice of individuals." (Pg. 436) Even a limited monarchy "raises one man... over the heads of the rest of the community... arbitrarily and by accident." (Pg. 454) Aristocracy is "an arbitrary and pernicious institution." (Pg. 466) The self-government of men, "imperfect as it is, will be found more salutary than anything that can be substituted in its place." (Pg. 534)
He argues that government has only two legitimate purposes: the suppression of injustice against individuals, and the common defense against external invasion." (Pg. 544) Thus, he proposes the "dissolution of political government," and its "utter annihilation" (Pg. 554), as government is "little capable of affording benefit of the first importance to mankind." (Pg. 568) Even a constitutional government is "founded in misaprehension and error." (Pg. 604-605) Thus, he rejects the state support of an established religion (Pg. 573), the taking of federal oaths (pg. 584), libel laws, and prohibition of "any writing or words derogatory to religion or political government." (Pg. 593) He also recommends the "abolition of the present system of marriage" (pg. 763).
He proposes that this take place through "the gradual extinction of law" (pg. 610), since "All real crimes... are capable of being discerned without the teaching of law." (Pg. 618) All social decisions should be made by open vote (pg. 629), as "coercion... is injustice." (Pg. 645) He argues that we should not conclude that "the mischiefs of anarchy are worse than those which government is qualified to produce." He admits, however, that anarchy "cannot immediately lead to the best form of society, since it necessarily leaves mankind in a state of ferment." (Pg. 666)
He states, "it is my duty to advance the general good" (pg. 670), and it is the duty of "individuals, but never of communities, to exert a certain species of political coercion." (Pg. 681) He concludes, "Equality of conditions cannot be produced by individual compulsion," and proposes "the cession by him that has to him that wants an unrestrained and voluntary action." (Pg. 736)
Godwin's book is well worth reading for any modern student of historical political philosophy, or libertarians/anarchists.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Brrilliant Man! Important Book!
By tatkhj
William Godwin was revered as the most eloquent political and social spokesmen of his day in England.
And he achieved this by his mastery of these subjects, in spite of the highly sophisticated, yet "common man-serving," political system which he embraced -- "Anarchism" -- which was universally despised by his friends, the moneyed elite.
This book was his masterpiece, and it proposed slow, deliberate, contemplative action in changing and ultimately correcting the many serious flaws in the existing systems of political order.
Unfortunately, the "Great Terrors" of the French revolution began just two years after the publication of his book. It's violence stunned and terrified the political and intellectual elite of Europe.
For various unconnected reasons and quite ironically, Godwin's name and his anarchic beliefs became immediately associated with the brutality and the chaos of the French Revolution itself.
To this day the term "anarchy" is misunderstood, especially in America, as a result of this mistaken association.
All this in spite of the fact that his work actually criticized severely the futility of sudden and violent action to achieve any political goals.
Nevertheless, in a matter of months his work was suddenly vilified by all of his former admirers (largely "fans" who had never actually bothered to read it), and his career came to an abrupt end while he was still in his early forties. Young indeed for such a highly respected intellectual!
The work speaks for itself, simple in its directness and quite eloquent.
I couldn't recommend it more highly to anyone interested in finding solutions to the vast miasma of political problems that face the world today!
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Wordy but worthwhile
By Alan Wrightson
I must admit that I couldn't finish the whole book, the prose was so wordy and I was already in agreement with what he was saying, I thought it more painful than necessary. But it is a great work. His use of language is quite a barrier, though, and it is quite obvious that he worked backwards from what he had already decided about the matters at hand, probably using common-sense, and proceeded to construct - back engineer - an academic-type treatise to support these prior conclusions. The result is a work which often has rather lengthy, convoluted logic, and very painful grammar, yet which ends up in the right places, most of the time. Rather a strange experience to read, but useful nonetheless.
Alan Wrightson, author of "Humanity Revealed"
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